REFLEXOLOGY RESEARCH – QUALITY OF LIFE

2024

STRESS, ENERGY, PAIN, WOMEN, BREAST CANCER.

Reflexology as an Integrative Approach to Improve Stress, Energy, and Pain in Women Receiving Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer. By H.D. Zinkin, K. Kostroff, D. Dimisa, R. Hausen, J. Christophers, D. McElligot, M. Akerman, L. Potters. Pub. by International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. Volume 120, Issue 2, Supplement. 2024. Page e423. ISSN 0360-3016. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.ijrobp. 2024.07.944.

Stress was reduced by 40.0%, pain decreased by 24.0%, energy increased by 33.3 % and overall feeling of well-being improved by 33.3% (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.0001 for all measures). Many patients also reported improvement in chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain. The service was so well received by patients that the funding has been renewed.

ANXIETY, SLEEP, QUALITY OF LIFE, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Effect of foot reflexology massage on sleep, anxiety and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. By Gizem Göktuna, Gülşah Gürol Arslan. Pub. by Explore (NY) 2024 Sep 16; 20(6):103061. PMID: 39332137 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.103061.

This study has found that foot reflexology massage is effective in reducing anxiety levels, improving sleep, and enhancing the quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. The findings of this study may offer nurses greater awareness of the potential benefits of reflexology. In this way, more healthcare professionals can be encouraged to use reflexology in addition to other cares.

2023

QUALITY OF LIFE, CONSTIPATION, SENIORS

Improving Quality of Life in The Constipated Older Person: Reflexology or Abdominal Massage? A Two-Group, Randomized Comparative Trial. By Şefika Dilek Güven. Pub. by Gastroenterol Nurs. 2023 Aug 25. PMID: 37639563 DOI: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000775

The effects of both reflexology and abdominal massage were similar in improving constipation and quality of life in older persons.

PAIN, VITAL SIGNS, ABDOMINAL SURGERY, PATIENT SATISFACTION

A randomized controlled trial of reflexology effect after abdominal surgery on patient satisfaction, pain and vital signs. By Kapıkıran G, Bulbuloglu S, Gunes H, Saritaş S, Demir B. Pub. by Explore (NY). 2023 Jul-Aug;19(4):565-570. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.10.017. Epub 2022 Oct 27. PMID: 36335059.

The results of our study emphasize the power of reflexology in effective surgical pain management and normalizing vital signs and increasing patient satisfaction. We suggest that reflexology be performed to patients following abdominal surgery.

QUALITY OF LIFE, CHEMOTHERAPY, NEUROPATHY, COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS

The Effect of Reflexology on Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Suffering Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathy: A Randomized and Controlled Trial. By Hesam GHOLAMZADEH, Mahnaz ILKHANI, Behnam ABEDINI, Ahmad AMERI, Nezhat SHAKERI, Ali MOHAMMADABADI4. Pub. by Turk J Oncol 2023;38(2):228–37. Accessible online at: www.onkder.org doi: 10.5505/tjo.2023.3752

The result of this study showed that foot reflexology relieved neurotoxicity associated with chemotherapy which improved the Quality of Life in colorectal cancer patients. Hence, this low cost and easy procedure can be recommended as an effective technique.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, PAIN, FATIGUE, QUALITY OF LIFE

Systematic review and meta-analysis of reflexology for people with multiple sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. By Xiaohong Ma, Zhaoyu Yuan, Baicheng Qian, Yunxiang Guan, Baoliang Wang. Pub. by Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb 3;102(5):e32661. PMID: 36749275 PMCID: PMC9902001 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032661

Reflexology therapy can be used as an effective intervention for the pain and fatigue of MS patients while improving the quality of life.

CANCER, MENTAL HEALTH, QUALITY OF LIFE

The effectiveness of reflexology on mental health in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. By Esther Jie Tian, Yasamin Veziari, Matthew J Leach, Saravana Kumar. Pub by Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2023 Feb;50:101708. PMID: 36434907 DOI: 0.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101708

An unequivocal recommendation supporting reflexology cannot be made. Greater utilisation of well-established reporting guidelines, together with increased investment in well-designed, high-quality clinical research are required.

2022

QUALITY OF LIFE, SLEEP, OBESITY HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME, SENIORS

Comparing the influence of foot reflexology and fasting mimicking diet on quality of life and sleep quality in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. By Rana Hesham Mohamed Elbanna, Sherif Osama Abdelsalam Elabd, Salma Ibrahim Abdelmohsen Alghitany. Pub. by J Complement Integr Med. 2022 Sep 30. PMID: 36173670 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0172.

Reflexology and a fasting-mimicking diet were found to have a substantial impact on enhancing the quality of life and sleep in people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.

PAIN, OSTEOARTHRITIS, QUALITY OF LIFE, SENIORS

Effect of Foot Reflexology with Pharmacological Treatment on Pain and Quality of Life among Elderly Suffering from Osteoarthritis. By Baraka, S. (2022). Pub. by Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal, 24(1), pp. 224-251. doi: 10.21608/tsnj.2022.221577

Foot reflexology appears to have a significantly remarkable effect on pain reduction and improved quality of life. Also, the educational program of pharmacological osteoarthritis treatment was effective and improved elderly’s knowledge of both groups. Therefore, Foot reflexology technique should be recommended in hospital protocols and gerontological nursing curriculum beside pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis.

QUALITY OF LIFE, BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION, DIABETIC NEUROPATHY PATIENTS

Effect of Foot Reflexology Technique on Diabetic Neuropathy Patients' Health Outcomes. By Walaa Shawky Gomaa, Hanan Gaber Mohammed, Amal Saied Taha and Nehal Mahmoud Abo El-Fadl. Pub. by Journal of Nursing Science - Benha University ISSN 2682 – 3934 Vol. (3) No. (2) 2022 JNSBU.

Reflexology intervention is endorsed in improving QOL, diabetic peripheral neuropathy sensory, lowering blood glucose level and improve peripheral circulation of the diabetic neuropathic studied patients. Recommendations: Increase public awareness about efficacy & tolerability of foot reflexology in improving health outcomes as quality of life, sensation, blood glucose level and peripheral circulation of diabetic neuropathic patients.

QUALITY OF LIFE, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

The Effect of Foot Reflexology on the Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women 2022. By Mahdavipour, F., Sadat, Z., Mirbagher-Ajorpaz, N., Kafaei-Atrian, M., Pub. by Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care, 8(3), pp. 191-198. https://doi.org/10.32598/JCCNC.8.3.435.1

The results showed that foot reflexology could improve postmenopausal women’s QoL. Due to the simple and easy learning of reflexology, its training is recommended for all menopausal women to improve their QoL.

COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, QUALITY OF LIFE

The Impact of Individualized Complementary and Integrative Health Interventions Provided in Clinical Settings on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review of Practice-Based Research. By Natalie L. Dyer, Jessica Surdam, Roshini Srinivasan, Ankita Agarwal, and Jeffery A. Dusek. Pub. by Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. Volume: 28 Issue 8: 618-640. August 10, 2022. http://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2021.0413

Results from this systematic review indicate that CIH therapies largely have positive effects on health-related quality of life and well-being for various patient populations seen in CIH clinical settings. Direct comparisons across studies were limited due to the variability in study design and incomplete reporting in some of the publications. Suggestions for improving the design and reporting for future practice-based research are provided.

QUALITY OF SEXUAL LIFE, HEMODIALYSIS

The Effect of Foot Reflexology on the Quality of Sexual Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. By Somayeh Zeidabadi, Jaffar Abbas, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki & Mahlagha Dehghan . Pub. by Sexuality and Disability. Volume 40, pages 567–581. (June 29 2022)

Immediately after the reflexology intervention, the quality of sexual life was significantly higher than in the sham group (p < 0.001). This study highlights the potential benefit from reflexology in improving the quality of sexual life in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

SENIORS, LOMBALGIA (LOW BACK PAIN), QUALITY OF LIFE

The Effect of Reflexology based on Watson’s Caring Model on Lombalgia and Quality of Life in Older Adults. By Gülpınar Aslan, Dilek Kiliç. Pub. by Ageing International volume 47, pages 596–616 28 January 2022.

Reflexology based on Watson’s Caring Model was found to have positive effects on lombalgia and quality of life in older adults.

PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, CANCER

Well-being treatments in cancer care: patient benefits. By Guillaume Buiret, Sophie Lantheaume. Pub. by BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2022 Jan 19;bmjspcare-2021-003458. PMID: 35045979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003458.

The well-being treatments studied (foot reflexology, socio-aesthetics, sophrology and singing) provided significant pain relief and increased well-being in patients with cancer after their completion.

PAIN, ANXIETY, QUALITY OF LIFE, OPEN HEART SURGERY
"The effects of foot reflexology upon pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction among patients having undergone open-heart surgery". By Uzun Şahin, Ceyda , Çilingir, Dilek . Pub. by Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39 / 1 (January 2022): 17-23 .

In this research, patients in the test group were reported to have a statistically significant decrease in the mean scores of the visual analog scale when compared with the scores of patients in the control group (p<0.05). Although no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was measured between the mean scores of the state-trait anxiety inventory and the visual analog scale of patient satisfaction completed by patients in the test and control groups, it was also noted that both groups were exceptionally satisfied. The findings of this research can be utilized to alleviate pain, lessen patients' anxiety levels during the post-operation phase, and elevate patient satisfaction levels.

2021

PAIN, ANXIETY, QUALITY OF LIFE, FOOT MASSAGE, CERVICAL SPINE SURGERY

Effects of foot massage on relieving pain, anxiety and improving quality of life of patients undergone a cervical spine surgery. By Nana Ren, Guangmin Yang, Xiaofeng Ren, Lekun Li. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021 Jan 19; 19(1):22. PMID: 33468148 PMCID: PMC7814554 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01667-2

This study found that foot massage was effective in alleviating pain and anxiety, while improving quality of life in patients undergone ACDF, indicating that this intervention should be considered in the clinical management of these patients.

2020

ANXIETY, FATIGUE, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY

Effects of foot massage and patient education in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized controlled trial. By Ramesh Chandrababu, Baby S Nayak, Vasudev Baburaya Pai, Ravishankar N, Linu Sara George, Elsa Sanatombi Devi, Anice George. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020 Aug; 40:101215. PMID: 32891291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101215

The combined form of foot massage and patient education is effective in decreasing anxiety, fatigue, pain, and increasing self-efficacy and the quality of life. These interventions will support the recovery of patients and reduce their suffering.

PAIN, ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, QUALITY OF LIFE, CANCER, PALLIATIVE CARE

Complementary Therapies for Patients with Cancer: Reflexology and Relaxation in Integrative Palliative Care. A Randomized Controlled Comparative Study. By Alexandra Mantoudi, Efi Parpa, Eleni Tsilika, Chrysanthi Batistaki, Maria Nikoloudi, Vassilios Kouloulias, Sotiria Kostopoulou, Antonis Galanos , Kyriaki Mystakidou. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Sep; 26(9):792-798. PMID: 32924560 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0402

Both interventions, relaxation and reflexology, seemed to be effective in decreasing anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. However, reflexology was found to be more effective in improving quality of life (physical component) and to have a greater effect on pain management than relaxation.

ASTHMA, QUALITY OF LIFE

Evaluating the effect on asthma quality of life of added reflexology or homeopathy to conventional asthma management - an investigator-blinded, randomised, controlled parallel group study. By Ayfer Topcu, Anders Løkke, Leila Eriksen, Lars Peter Nielsen, Ronald Dahl. Eur Clin Respir J. 2020 Jul 14; 7(1):1793526. PMID: 32944201 PMCID: PMC7480456 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2020.1793526

Minor improvements in the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) score were observed in all three groups. However, no statistically significant changes in AQLQ scores were seen within or between groups. Likewise, secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. In this study, the addition of homeopathy or reflexology to conventional treatment did not result in improved quality of life in asthma.

ANXIETY, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, PALLIATIVE CARE

The effectiveness of aromatherapy, massage and reflexology in people with palliative care needs: A systematic review. By Bridget Candy, Megan Armstrong, Kate Flemming, Nuriye Kupeli, Patrick Stone, Victoria Vickerstaff, Susie Wilkinson. Palliat Med. 2020 Feb; 34(2):179-194. PMID: 31659939 PMCID: PMC7000853 DOI: 10.1177/0269216319884198

This review identified a relatively large number of trials, but with poor and heterogeneous evidence. New clinical recommendations cannot be made based on current evidence. To help provide more definitive trial findings, it may be useful first to understand more about the best way to measure the effectiveness of these therapies in palliative care.

BREAST CANCER, QUALITY OF LIFE, FATIGUE, NAUSEA, VOMITING, WOMEN,

A systematic review association of reflexology in managing symptoms and side effects of breast cancer treatment. By Ausanee Wanchai, Jane M Armer. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020 Feb; 38:101074 PMID: 31783340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101074

The results showed that reflexology is associated with benefits for both psychological and physical aspects. Reflexology was reported to improve quality of life, but not for depression or anxiety. It was also beneficial for reducing fatigue, nausea, and vomiting, but not for peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions: Enough high-level evidence has not been reported to confirm the effectiveness of reflexology on breast cancer symptom management.

INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS, ANXIETY, BLADDER PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE

Foot Reflexology and Interstitial Cystitis - A Case Study. By Grace Beck, LMT, RMT, CALC, ERYT500 Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by the Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan. 2020 www.AcademyofAncientReflexology.com

Subject’s journal entries consistently reported a very relaxed feeling and reduction of anxiety after each reflexology session. Journaling also noted a continued effect for up to three days after each session. Subject saw a decline in perceived anxiety levels as well as bladder pain with a peak toward mid-week, which may be an indicator of the IBS flare subject was experiencing at the time. In addition, QOL ratings indicate a slight increase from beginning of sessions to end of the series.

2019

PAIN, ANXIETY, QUALITY OF LIFE, PALLIATIVE CARE

The effectiveness of aromatherapy, massage and reflexology in people with palliative care needs: A systematic review. By Candy B, Armstrong M, Flemming K, Kupeli N, Stone P, Vickerstaff V, Wilkinson S. Pub. by Palliat Med. 2020 Feb;34(2):179-194. doi: 10.1177/0269216319884198. Epub 2019 Oct 29. PMID: 31659939; PMCID: PMC7000853.

In comparison with usual care, another therapy or an active control, evidence on the effectiveness of massage and aromatherapy in reducing anxiety, pain and improving quality-of-life was inconclusive. There was some evidence (low quality) that compared to an active control, reflexology reduced pain. Conclusions: This review identified a relatively large number of trials, but with poor and heterogeneous evidence. New clinical recommendations cannot be made based on current evidence. To help provide more definitive trial findings, it may be useful first to understand more about the best way to measure the effectiveness of these therapies in palliative care.

CANCER, PALLIATIVE CARE, QUALITY OF LIFE

Aromatherapy, massage and reflexology: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the perspectives from people with palliative care needs. By Megan Armstrong, Kate Flemming , Nuriye Kupeli, Patrick Stone,, Susie Wilkinson, Bridget Candy. Palliat Med. 2019 Jul; 33(7):757-769. PMID: 31060455 PMCID: PMC6985994 DOI: 10.1177/0269216319846440.

People with advanced cancer experience benefits from aromatherapy, reflexology and massage including enhanced well-being, respite, and escapism from their disease. Complementary therapy interventions should be developed in consultation with the target population to ensure they are delivered and evaluated, where feasible, as they wish.

PAIN, FATIGUE, QUALITY OF LIFE, CHEMOTHERAPY, GYNECOLOGIC CANCER PATIENTS

Effects of Reflexology and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Life during Chemotherapy in Gynecologic Cancer Patients. By Hacer Alan Dikmen, Fusun Terzioglu. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Feb; 20(1):47-53. PMID: 29776873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.03.001

Reflexology and progressive muscle relaxation exercises given to gynecologic cancer patients during chemotherapy were found to decrease pain and fatigue and increase quality of life.

BREAST CANCER SURGERY, QUALITY OF LIFE, WOMEN

A randomised, controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. By Donald M Sharp, Mary B Walker, Amulya Chaturvedi, Sunil Upadhyay, Abdel Hamid, Andrew A Walker, Julie S Bateman, Fiona Braid, Karen Ellwood, Claire Hebblewhite, Teresa Hope, Michael Lines, Leslie G Walker. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Jan; 46(2):312-22. PMID: 19906525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.006.

When compared to self-initiated support, reflexology and massage have statistically significant, and, for reflexology, clinically worthwhile, effects on quality of life following surgery for early breast carcinoma.

2018

INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS, ANXIETY, BLADDER PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE

2017

QUALITY OF LIFE, BREAST CANCER PATIENTS, WOMEN

The effect of reflexology on the quality of life with breast cancer patients. By Afitap Özdelikara, Mehtap Tan. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Nov; 29:122-129. PMID: 29122249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.09.004

Reflexology was found to reduce the symptoms experienced by breast cancer patients, while at the same time increasing the functional and general health status.

QUALITY OF LIFE, BREAST CANCER, CHEMOTHERAPY, WOMEN

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Caregiver-Delivered Reflexology for Symptom Management During Breast Cancer Treatment. By Gwen Wyatt, Alla Sikorskii, Irena Tesnjak, Dawn Frambes, Amanda Holmstrom, Zhehui Luo, David Victorson, Deimante Tamkus. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017 Nov; 54(5):670-679. PMID: 28743659 PMCID: PMC5650941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.037 .

Efficacy findings of caregiver-delivered reflexology with respect to symptom reduction open a new evidence-based avenue for home-based symptom management.

SPASTICITY, MOTOR FUNCTION, DEPENDENCY, QUALITY OF LIFE, CEREBRAL PALSY, CHILDREN,

The effect of reflexology upon spasticity and function among children with cerebral palsy who received physiotherapy: Three group randomised trial. By Filiz Özkan, Handan Zincir. Appl Nurs Res. 2017 Aug; 36:128-134. PMID: 28720233 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.01.

Reflexology with physiotherapy reduced spasticity in legs, improved gross motor functions, decreased dependency but led to no change in quality of life.

PAIN, FATIGUE, URINARY, QUALITY OF LIFE, COLORECTAL CANCER

Effects of foot massage applied in two different methods on symptom control in colorectal cancer patients: Randomised control trial. By Neşe Uysal, Sevinç Kutlutürkan, Işıl Uğur. Int J Nurs Pract. 2017 Jun; 23(3). PMID: 28176423 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12532

The classical massage was effective in reducing pain level and distension incidence while foot reflexology was effective in reducing pain and fatigue level, lowering incidence of distension and urinary frequency and improving life quality.

FATIGUE, SLEEP, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, RADIATION THERAPY, BREAST CANCER, WOMEN

The Effect of Reflexology on the Pain-Insomnia-Fatigue Disturbance Cluster of Breast Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. By Ricardo Tarrasch, Narin Nard Carmel Neiderman, Sarah Ben-Ami, Bella Kaufman. April 2017 Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) 24(1). DOI:10.1089/acm.2017.0023.

The results of the present study indicate that reflexology may have a positive effect on fatigue, quality of sleep, pain, and quality of life in breast cancer patients during radiation therapy. Reflexology prevented the decline in quality of life and significantly ameliorated the fatigue and quality of sleep of these patients. An encouraging trend was also noted in amelioration of pain levels.

PAIN, FATIGUE, INCIDENCE OF DISTENSION, QUALITY OF LIFE, COLORECTAL CANCER

Effects of foot massage applied in two different methods on symptom control in colorectal cancer patients: Randomised control trial. By Uysal, N, Kutlutürkan, S, Uğur, I. Pub. by Int J Nurs Pract. 2017; 23:e12532. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12532

2016

OVERACTIVE BLADDER, DEPRESSION, QUALITY OF LIFE, WOMEN

Effect of Reflexology to Depressive Symptoms in Women With Overactive Bladder. By Yasemin Aydın Kartal, Ergul Aslan, Onay Yalcin. September 2016. Holistic Nursing Practice 30(5):294-300. DOI: 10. 1097 /HNP .0000000000000166

Study findings included in the study showed foot reflexology as a part of overactive bladder treatment relieved urinary and depressive symptoms and had a positive effect on quality of life.

ANXIETY, BLOOD PRESSURE, QUALITY OF LIFE, AROMA FOOT MASSAGE,

The Effects of Aroma Foot Massage on Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Japanese Community-Dwelling Men and Women: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. By Eri Eguchi , Narumi Funakubo, Kiyohide Tomooka, Tetsuya Ohira, Keiki Ogino, Takeshi Tanigawa. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 24; 11(3):e0151712. PMID: 27010201 PMCID: PMC4807074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151712

The self-administered aroma foot massage intervention significantly decreased the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as well as the state anxiety score, and tended to increase the mental health-related quality of life scores. The results suggest that aroma foot massage may be an easy and effective way to improve mental health and blood pressure.

MIGRAINE HEADACHES, SLEEP, MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS, QUALITY OF LIFE

Reflexology for Migraine Headaches - A Case Study. By Julie Wesling, Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan. 2016 www.AcademyofAncientReflexology.com

Weekly reflexology sessions were successful in reducing pain levels for this migraine sufferer. The case study subject went from missing 1+ days of work per month to missing zero days of work. The subject also reported increased duration and quality of sleep, an improved outlook (decreased irritability), and decreased severity in menstrual symptoms. The positive outcomes noted in this case study support further research into the use of reflexology to help migraine sufferers reduce symptoms, cope with symptoms, reduce time lost at work, and improve quality of life.

2015

HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

A randomized controlled trial of auricular acupressure in heart rate variability and quality of life for hypertension. By Mei-Ling Yeh, Yu-Chun Chang, Yi-Ying Huang, Tso-Ying Lee. Pub. by Complement Ther Med. 2015 Apr;23(2):200-9. PMID: 25847557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.01.005

Auricular Acupressure can be applied at the acupoints of shenmen, sympathesis, kidney, liver, heart, and subcortex to improve physical pain and mental health of QoL for hypertensive patients.

2014

CONSTIPATION, QUALITY OF LIFE, SENIORS, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

Complementary effects of auricular acupressure in relieving constipation symptoms and promoting disease-specific health-related quality of life: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. By M K Li, T F Diana Lee, K P Lorna Suen. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Apr; 22(2):266-77. PMID: 24731898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.01.010.

The current findings indicated positive clinical value of auricular acupressure (AA) with magnetic pellets in managing constipation in elderly residential care home residents. AA was also found to be a safe and acceptable intervention.

2011

BLOOD PRESSURE, QUALITY OF LIFE, HYPERTENSION

Effect of nursing intervention using foot reflexology on blood pressure and quality of life of hypertensive patients at Mansoura University: preliminary results. By Elshamy K, Elsafety E. Med J Cairo Univ. 2011; 79(2).

This study supported that foot reflexology can reduce blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension, it did not support that foot reflexology could improve quality of life in these patients. Future research is needed to support these findings specially the negative ones. It is recommended that qualitative research might be used in combination with quantitative research to determine details of patients' feelings, interactions, attitudes, cultural influences and satisfaction after intervention.

2010

BREAST CANCER, QUALITY OF LIFE, PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

A randomised, controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. By Donald M Sharp Mary B Walker, Amulya Chaturvedi, Sunil Upadhyay, Abdel Hamid, Andrew A Walker, Julie S Bateman, Fiona Braid, Karen Ellwood, Claire Hebblewhite, Teresa Hope, Michael Lines, Leslie G Walker. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Jan; 46(2):312-22. PMID: 19906525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.006

2008

STRESS, QUALITY OF LIFE, WORKPLACE

Using reflexology to manage stress in the workplace: a preliminary study. By Rhian C Atkins, Philip Harris. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2008 Nov; 14(4):280-7. PMID: 18940715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2008.05.005

The data suggested some trends towards improvement in perceived health and well-being following reflexology intervention. Improvements varied by participant and across the different measures. Conclusion: This study was limited by the size of the sample and the nature of the design, which cannot demonstrate cause and effect. The trends towards improvement associated with reflexology suggested that further research may be warranted.

2006

COMPUTER MOUSE INJURIES, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE

Effects of Reflexology on Computer Mouse Injuries. A Pilot Study. By Daiskov, AM., FDZ Forenede Danske Zoneterapeuter, from 2004-2006 .

Results: the active group showed a reduction in pain and improvement in quality of life. The power measurement and computer capability were equal in the active and passive group.

2005

BLOOD PRESSURE, PHYSICAL FUNCTION, QUALITY OF LIFE, COBBLESTONE MAT WALKING, SENIORS

Improving physical function and blood pressure in older adults through cobblestone mat walking: a randomized trial. By Fuzhong Li, K John Fisher, Peter Harmer. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Aug; 53(8):1305-12. PMID: 16078955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53407.x

Cobblestone mat walking improved physical function and reduced blood pressure to a greater extent than conventional walking in older adults. Additional benefits of this walking program included improved health-related quality of life. This new physical activity may provide a therapeutic and health-enhancing exercise alternative for older adults.

2004

HYPERTENSION, QUALITY OF LIFE

Effects of Foot Reflexology on Essential Hypertension Patients. By Park HS., Cho GY., Psan 602-739, Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2004 Aug; 34(5):739-50.

Foot Reflexology was shown to be an effective nursing intervention to decrease sys- tolic pressure and triglyceride levels, but not the blood cholesterol levels. Further research is needed to evaluate blood cholesterol in a larger group of subjects and for a longer period and to compare and evaluate effects of self-foot reflexology and foot reflexology.

2003

CHILDREN, EAR DISORDERS, QUALITY OF LIFE

Children with ear disorders who are treated by reflexologists or general practitioners. [Article in Danish]. By Mette Kjøller. Ugeskr Laeger. 2003 May 5; 165(19):1994-9. PMID: 12795075

According to a medical evaluation there was no difference in morbidity between children treated by a reflexologist and a GP. According to the parents' evaluation, children in reflexology treatment were more ill and their health-related quality of life was more affected by the ear disorder than that of children treated by a GP.

PREGNANCY, OEDEMA, WELLBEING, WOMEN

Single-blind trial addressing the differential effects of two reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. By L Mollart. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 2003 Nov; 9(4):203-8. PMID: 14556770 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-6117(03)00054-4.

A 'perceived wellbeing' score revealed the reflexology lymphatic technique group (p<0.0001) significantly increased their wellbeing the most, followed closely by relaxing techniques (p<0.001) and then the control rest group (p<0.03).Lymphatic reflexology techniques, relaxing reflexology techniques and a period of rest had a non-significant oedema-relieving effect. From the women's viewpoint, lymphatic reflexology was the preferred therapy with significant increase in symptom relief.

2002

CANCER, QUALITY OF LIFE, PALLIATIVE CARE, AVAILABILITY,

Reflexology audit: patient satisfaction, impact on quality of life and availability in Scottish hospices. By Mary Milligan, Maureen Fanning, Sheena Hunter, Miriam Tadjali, Elaine Stevens. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2002 Oct; 8(10):489-96. PMID: 12419988 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2002.8.10.10695.

The audit findings suggest that the clients were satisfied with the service received. Respondents noted that their quality of life was improved through a reduction in physical and emotional symptoms. It was found that the provision of reflexology within Scottish hospices varied, with less than half providing this service. The results of this audit suggest that reflexology may be a worthwhile treatment for other cancer patients and requires further research to evaluate the benefits.

SENIORS, BLOOD CIRCULATION, FOOT MASSAGE, QUALITY OF LIFE

The Effect of Foot Massage with Biofeedback: A Pilot Study to Enhance Health Promotion. By Prapasri Jirayingmongkol, Supatra Chantein, Nuppawan Phengchomjan, Nitaya Bhanggananda. September 2002. Nursing and Health Sciences 4(3):A4 - A4 DOI:10.1046/j.1442-2018.2002.01140_9.x

It was concluded that the foot massage provided good circulation, relaxation, and comfort. All subjects expressed positive feelings when they received the foot massage (i.e. ‘It is very nice that foot massage can relieve my joint pain, I am happy and comfortable’). These findings appear to indicate that foot massage is beneficial both for physical and mental conditions.

CANCER, QUALITY OF LIFE, PSYCHOLOGICAL

Clients' perceptions of the benefits of reflexology on their quality of life. By S Wright, U Courtney, C Donnelly, T Kenny, C Lavin. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 2002 May; 8(2):69-76. PMID: 12188160 DOI: 10.1054/ctnm.2001.0593

Reflexology interventions were perceived to impact positively upon clients' levels of impairment and functional status, including physical and psychological function, with implications for general health perceptions. The paper discusses how these findings might form the basis of further, more rigourous evaluation of the benefits of reflexology for people with cancer at ARC Cancer Support Centre.

ANXIETY, TENSION, QUALITY OF LIFE, PALLIATIVE CARE

Evaluation of a hospice based reflexology service: a qualitative audit of patient perceptions. By Maureen Gambles, Maggie Crooke, Susie Wilkinson. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2002 Mar; 6(1):37-44. PMID: 12849608 DOI: 10.1054/ejon.2001.0157

Patients' comments about the therapy and the service as a whole were overwhelmingly positive. They identified relaxation, relief from tension and anxiety, feelings of comfort and improved well-being as beneficial effects of their course of reflexology.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING, CARDIAC SURGERY

The impact of foot massage and guided relaxation following cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. By Jennifer Hattan, Lindy King, Peter Griffiths. J Adv Nurs. 2002 Jan; 37(2):199-207. PMID: 11851788 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02083.x

There was a clear (nonsignificant) trend across all psychological variables for both foot massage and, to a lesser extent, guided relaxation to improve psychological wellbeing. Both interventions were well received by the subjects. Conclusions: These interventions appear to be effective, non-invasive techniques for promoting psychological wellbeing in this patient group. Further investigation is indicated.

2000

QUALITY OF LIFE,

Pilot Study on Reflexology and Acupressure. By Saxe, O., 2000, Publication details not available. The Skolan for Helhetsterapi (School of Holistic Therapy).

Foot reflexology was found to be effective for promoting a feeling of general well being.

QUALITY OF LIFE, CANCER PATIENTS, PALLIATIVE CARE

Does reflexology impact on cancer patients' quality of life? By H Hodgson. Nurs Stand. 2000 Apr 19-25; 14(31):33-8. PMID: 11973949 DOI: 10.7748/ns2000.04.14.31.33.c2817

All participants felt that their quality of life had improved, even those who had received the placebo treatment. The reflexology group, however, reported more benefit than the placebo group. There was a significant difference (p = 0.004) between the reflexology group and the placebo group. Conclusion: This study showed that reflexology does have an impact on the quality of life of patients in the palliative stage of cancer.

1998

WELL-BEING, SLEEP, PAIN, CATHETER REMOVAL, WOMEN
Foot reflexology: an intervention study. [Article in German]. By A Kesselring, E Spichiger, M Müller. Pflege. 1998 Aug; 11(4):213-8. PMID: 9775925

Results show that women in the foot reflexology group were more able to void without problems, after the indwelling catheter had been removed, than did women in the comparison groups. There was also a tendency in the foot reflexology group for the indwelling catheter to be removed earlier than in the other groups. In comparison, the foot reflexology subjects slept worse than the others. Foot massage showed significant results in subjective measurements of well-being, pain and sleep.