RUSSIAN HISTORY

Ivan Sechenov, Russian professor of physiology, discovered the cerebral inhibition of spinal reflexes and in 1870 published the paper “Who Must Investigate the Problems of Psychology and How?” and a book “Reflections of the Brain.”

Dr. Vladimir Bekhterev founded in 1891 the Neurology Science Society and in 1893 the Nevrologicheski Vestnik (Neurology Bulletin), the first Russian journal on nervous disease.

Dr. Vladimir Bekhterev published a book “Mind and Life,” written in 1902, which contained multiple volumes including “Foundations for Brain Functions Theory” written in 1903. “Foundations for Brain Functions Theory” described Bekhterev's views on the functions of the parts of the brain and the nervous system.

In 1904 in Russia, Dr. Ivan Pavlov, carried out experiments on the digestive glands, as well as investigated the gastric function of dogs, and eventually won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Pavlov contributed to many areas of physiology and neurological sciences. Most of his work involved research in temperament, conditioning and involuntary reflex actions. Pavlov's principles of classical conditioning operate across a variety of behavior therapies and in experimental and clinical settings, such as educational classrooms and even reducing phobias with systematic desensitization.

In 1907, Dr. Vladimir Bekhtereva published in Russia “Objective Psychology” – translated into French & German in 1913, and English in 1932 with the revised title “General Principles of Human Reflexology.” He is known for his competition with Ivan Pavlov regarding the study of conditioned reflexes.

In 1932, Dr. Vladimir Bekhtereva’s 1907 Russian work “Objective Psychology” was revised and translated into English with the revised title “General Principles of Human Reflexology.”